{"id":189,"date":"2024-01-18T14:53:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T14:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.craag.dz\/isya2024\/?page_id=189"},"modified":"2024-09-03T09:21:26","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T09:21:26","slug":"courses-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.craag.dz\/isya2024\/?page_id=189","title":{"rendered":"Courses Syllabus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"189\" class=\"elementor elementor-189\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e4fe87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e4fe87\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd64b35\" data-id=\"fd64b35\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a09f7b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a09f7b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\nbody.elementor-page .elementor-widget-menu-anchor{margin-bottom:0}<\/style>\t\t<div id=\"Galaxies\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b9803c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b9803c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 05-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Galaxies<\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\"> (Itziar Aretxaga, 5 lectures):<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;\">An overview of galaxies in the nearby and distant universe, their constituents, scaling laws and evolution through cosmic time.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Lecture 1: Introduction to the galaxy zoo<br \/><\/span><\/p><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Galaxy types and classification schemes<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">General properties and structure<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Standard stellar population indicators<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Dark matter in galaxies<\/span><\/div><p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;\">Lecture 2: Scaling relations<br \/><\/span><\/p><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Tully-Fisher<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Dn-sigma<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Fundamental planes<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Main sequence of star formation and Starbursts<\/span><\/div><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;\">Lecture 3: Active Galactic Nuclei<br \/><\/span><\/p><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES-MX\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Classification of AGN<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Multifrequency detection of nuclear activity<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Energetics<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Unification<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Basic concepts of the standard model of AGN<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Demographics of QSOs and BHs<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Feedback<\/span><\/div><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;\">Lecture 4: Galaxies through cosmic time<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Surveys<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Star formation history<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Gas depletion history<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Simple models of galaxy formation and evolution<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Lecture 5: LSS and Galaxy clusters<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Local group and nearby structures<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Search for clusters<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Galaxies in clusters<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Cluster mass estimates<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt;\">Cosmological probes of clusters<\/span><\/p><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><div style=\"text-indent: 0px;\"><b style=\"font-family: 'Courier New';\">Bibliography:<\/b><\/div><\/div><div style=\"font-family: 'Courier New'; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology (2015), Peter Schneider, Springer.<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Mo, van den Bosch &amp; White (2010). Galaxy Formation and Evolution, CUP.<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Galaxies in the Universe, Sparke &amp; Gallagger, (2007), Cambridge University Press<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u201cAn Introduction to Active Galactic Nuclei\u201d, B.P.Peterson,\u00a0 1997, CUP<br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u201cThe Physics and Evolution of AGN\u201d, H. Netzer, 2013, CUP<\/span><\/div><div style=\"font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Courier New'; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br \/><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Courier New'; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New;\">the papers can be found in ADS or arXiv lists<br \/><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Courier New'; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">Ned Wright\u00b4s Cosmology Calculator: <\/span><span lang=\"ES-MX\" style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.astro.ucla.edu\/~wright\/CosmoCalc.html\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">http:\/\/www.astro.ucla.edu\/~wright\/CosmoCalc.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Courier New;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ES-MX\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif';\">\u2022<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ES-MX\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Courier New';\">NASA Extragalactic Database: <\/span><span lang=\"ES-MX\" style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ned.ipac.caltech.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">http:\/\/ned.ipac.caltech.edu<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feb47ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"feb47ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ML\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4791168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4791168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Machine Learning (Helena Dom\u00ednguez S\u00e1nchez, 4 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p>Day 1<br \/>Lecture1: \u00a0<br \/>&#8211; ML overview<\/p><p>Lecture 2:<br \/>&#8211; Supervised Learning<br \/>&#8211; Unsupervised learning<\/p><p>Hands-on session: spectral classification<\/p><p>Day 2 <br \/>Lecture 1: <br \/>&#8211; Neural Networks<br \/>&#8211; Convolutional Neural Networks<\/p><p>Lecture 2: <br \/>&#8211; Contrastive learning<br \/>&#8211; Generative models<br \/>&#8211; Advanced ML<\/p><p>Hands-on session: Galaxy image classification with CNN<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-410fa9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"410fa9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Cosmo\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb7e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cb7e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cosmology (David Mota, 5 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p>Course Outline<br \/>Cosmological models and parameters, extragalactic distance scale, cosmological tests; constituents of the universe, dark matter, and dark energy; thermal history of the universe, cosmic nucleosynthesis, recombination, and cosmic microwave background.<\/p><p>Lecture 1: The observational context<\/p><ul><li>Large scale structure distribution in the Universe<\/li><li>Hubble expansion<\/li><li>The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation<\/li><li>Dark matter<\/li><li>Dark Energy<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 2: The theory of gravitation and inflationary cosmology<\/p><ul><li>General Relativity, FRW cosmology<\/li><li>Puzzles of expansion, flatness, horizon<\/li><li>Inflation scenario<\/li><li>Fluctuation spectrum emerging from the inflationary epoch<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 3: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation<\/p><ul><li>Baryon Acoustic Oscillations<\/li><li>CMB as a probe of the geometry<\/li><li>CMB as a probe of dark matter<\/li><li>Cosmological parameters inference<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 4: Gravitational Wave Astronomy<\/p><ul><li>Electromagnetic waves vs. Gravitational waves<\/li><li>Sources of gravitational waves<\/li><li>Interference detectors<\/li><li>Observations of compact objects<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 5: Research topic: Galaxy clusters as probes of dark energy, dark matter and gravity<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29cd278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29cd278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cosmology (David Mota, 5 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p>Course Outline<br \/>Cosmological models and parameters, extragalactic distance scale, cosmological tests; constituents of the universe, dark matter, and dark energy; thermal history of the universe, cosmic nucleosynthesis, recombination, and cosmic microwave background.<\/p><p>Lecture 1: The observational context<\/p><ul><li>Large scale structure distribution in the Universe<\/li><li>Hubble expansion<\/li><li>The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation<\/li><li>Dark matter<\/li><li>Dark Energy<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 2: The theory of gravitation and inflationary cosmology<\/p><ul><li>General Relativity, FRW cosmology<\/li><li>Puzzles of expansion, flatness, horizon<\/li><li>Inflation scenario<\/li><li>Fluctuation spectrum emerging from the inflationary epoch<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 3: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation<\/p><ul><li>Baryon Acoustic Oscillations<\/li><li>CMB as a probe of the geometry<\/li><li>CMB as a probe of dark matter<\/li><li>Cosmological parameters inference<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 4: Gravitational Wave Astronomy<\/p><ul><li>Electromagnetic waves vs. Gravitational waves<\/li><li>Sources of gravitational waves<\/li><li>Interference detectors<\/li><li>Observations of compact objects<\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 5: Research topic: Galaxy clusters as probes of dark energy, dark matter and gravity<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa1021 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"1aa1021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ISM\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-775146d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"775146d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Interstellar Medium of Galaxies (Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Galliano, 4 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p>Description: The interstellar medium (ISM), made up of the gas and dust between the stars in galaxies, holds important clues related to the evolution of galaxies. This course will introduce students to the different components and phases of the ISM, which cover a vast range of physical conditions. How the ISM is continuously modified during the life cycle of stars, forming the basis for successive generations of star formation will be discussed. We will look at ISM properties revealed by current observations of the variety of galaxies from both ground-based and space-based missions, connecting the ISM properties with observations in some case studies.<\/p><p>Lecture 1: ISM Introduction<\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Phases and composition of the ISM<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Interstellar gas basics<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Interstellar dust basics<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Interstellar Radiation Field<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Cosmic Rays<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 2:\u00a0<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Heating and cooling processes of the ISM<br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">1- Interstellar Dust<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Scattering and absorption of starlight by dust particles<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Properties of dust and PAHs \u2013 composition, sizes, temperatures<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Dust Spectral Energy Distribution<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">The life cycle of dust<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Metallicity and elemental abundances<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 3: Heating and cooling processes of the ISM<br \/><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">2- Interstellar Gas<br \/><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">HII regions; using Orion as example<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Photodissociation regions \u2013 structure and chemistry; Orion as example<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Grain surface chemistry; H2 formation; CO as a proxy of H2 mass.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Millimeter spectroscopy; measuring physical properties of molecular clouds<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Star Formation rate<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>Lecture 4:<br \/><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Dynamical processes<br \/><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Stellar Winds<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Supernovae Shocks<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Turbulence and Molecular Cloud Formation<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">Star Formation rate tracers (including Kennicutt Schmidt relation)<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem;\">Case studies of galaxies &#8211; what current observations reveal (e.g. JWST, ALMA, Herschel, etc)<\/span><\/p><p>Bibliogrraphy: <br \/>The Physics and Chemistry of the ISM, by Xander Tielens (Cambridge University Press; 2005) <br \/>Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium, by Bruce Draine (Princeton University Press; 2011)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8787649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"8787649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"SmallBodies\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc750d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fc750d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Small Bodies in the Solar System (Naceur Bouziani, 4 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Lecture 1:\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/b><b style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Development of planetary science<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\"><br \/><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">This lecture offers a brief historical overview of planetary science, challenging usual perceptions of\u00a0the solar system. The lecture illuminates key\u00a0characteristics of the solar system, emphasizing the pivotal role of small bodies\u00a0Understanding the physical and chemical conditions of the solar system&rsquo;s birth.<br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Brief History: From Prehistoric Era to Sample-Return Era<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Key Features of the Solar System<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Why Are We Interested in Small Bodies?<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00a0<u>Lecture 2:\u00a0<\/u><\/span><\/b><b style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Journey into Small &amp; Primitive Bodies\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">This course delves into the world of comets, providing insights into their origin, physics, and residence. It explores their crucial role in shaping the early structure of the Solar System and examines the impact of constraints on the conditions surrounding the Solar System&rsquo;s birth. The course also covers asteroids, including active ones, and highlights major missions to explore these objects.<br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Proto-planetary Disk and the Solar System&rsquo;s Origin<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">The Inner Solar System<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">The Middle Solar System<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">The Outer Solar System<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Physical Chemistry of Comets<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Unraveling Phenomena Observed on Comets<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Showcasing Research on Nucleus Modeling<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, 'sans-serif'; color: #1d2228;\"><u>Lecture 3:<\/u>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Impact Dynamics\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Centered on the dimensions of impactors, this lecture illustrates the underlying physical principles governing impact phenomena and their anticipated effects. Delve into the impact events on Earth&rsquo;s living species, understanding their roles in both extinction and evolution. Acquire insights into how the collision process might have influenced the other solar system&rsquo;s bodies.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\"><br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Impacts and impactor size<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Moon formation: Earth&rsquo;s oldest impact<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Characterization of impactor effects (from micron-sized dust particles to city-sized objects)<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Impact-induced changes on Earth : mammalian development, for example<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Planetary defense strategies<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00a0<br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><u><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Lecture 4:<\/span><\/u><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Non-Geocentric Perspectives on the Origins of Life<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">This course explores astrobiology and origins, taking a non-geocentric viewpoint. It examines the exchange of matter among solar system bodies and identifies potential shelters for life precursors within our solar system.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Brief Overview of Astrobiology<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #1d2228; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">Prebiotic Precursors within Small Bodies, Meteorites, Satellites ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228; mso-fareast-language: FR;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #1d2228;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\">Exchange of Material Between\u00a0Bodies<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; color: #1d2228;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, 'sans-serif'; color: #1d2228;\">Habitable Zones in Exoplanetary Systems<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 57pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-indent: -18pt; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, 'sans-serif'; color: #1d2228;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51d581c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"51d581c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Observations\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68aa3a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68aa3a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Observational Optical Astronomy (Roger Hajjar, Nassim Seghouani; Amina Boulkaboul, Yacine Damerdji, 6 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p>Lecture 1: (RH)<br \/>Basic instruments properties. In that first lecture, we will introduce the basic framework behind conceiving an observational project. We will also go over some of the basic properties of instruments reviewing telescopes, imaging systems, spectrographs and polarimeters, with a basic introduction to CCDs.<\/p><p>Lecture 2:(RH)<br \/>Introduction to Photometry, including atmospheric effect on radiation. The concept of seeing and its impact will also be covered. We will also go over basic requirements for the reduction of science data obtained with CCDs.<\/p><p>Lecture 3: (RH)<br \/>Introduction to Signal to Noise calculations and data reduction software.<\/p><p>Lecture 4: (NS)<br \/>Introduction to Time series analysis. We will speak about Fourier transform, data sampling, effect of windowing, with hands on data.<\/p><p>Lecture5: (AB)<br \/>1. Observing Basics : Coordinate systems<br \/>2. Quantitative measurements of light : specific intensity,apparent\/absolute magnitudes, &#8230;<br \/>3. Spectroscopy<\/p><p>Lecture 6 :(YD)<br \/>Radial velocity measurements in single-line spectroscopic binary stars, Exoplanets and eclipsing binaries with Hands on data.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-449a086 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"449a086\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-05c45d3\" data-id=\"05c45d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59a720d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"59a720d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"VO\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bd486b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bd486b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46787ae\" data-id=\"46787ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b0b11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25b0b11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Virtual Observatory and Databases in Astronomy (Mirjana Povic, 3 lectures)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Course description:<br>Astronomy is an observational science that depends on access to telescope time and data. Today, most astronomical data are free and available to the scientific community at large through different repositories and databases. There is access to an enormous amount of high-quality free multiwavelength data and the first-class science can be done even with very limited or no funding at all. This course will focus on introducing some of the main databases used in astronomy to access<br>and download different types of data (e.g. catalogues, images, spectra). It will also introduce the Virtual Observatory (VO) for accessing data archives and some of the free and commonly used software tools developed in the framework of the VO to facilitate the manipulation and analysis of astronomical data.<\/p>\n<p>Course content:<br>Lecture 1 :<br>&#8211; Search for publications in astronomy\/physics (ADS\/NASA, arXiv, astro-ph).<br>&#8211; VizieR: search for catalogues in astronomy.<br>&#8211; NED, SIMBAD: search for general information, images, spectra, etc.<br>&#8211; Access to data through telescope archives and surveys\/missions repositories.<br>Lecture 2 :<br>&#8211; Accessing Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) data via VizieR and NED.<br>&#8211; Introduction to the Virtual Observatory, its archives and software tools.<br>&#8211; Introduction to TOPCAT (for catalogues), Aladin (for images), and SPLAT (for spectra)&nbsp;<br>Lecture 3 :<br>&#8211; TOPCAT practice through exercises<br>&#8211; Aladin practice through exercises<br>&#8211; SPLAT practice&nbsp;<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 1rem;\">through exercises<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Needed for the course:<br>&#8211; installation of TOPCAT-VO (https:\/\/www.star.bris.ac.uk\/~mbt\/topcat\/)<br>&#8211; installation of Aladin-VO (http:\/\/aladin.cds.unistra.fr\/aladin.gml)<br>&#8211; installation of SPLAT-VO (http:\/\/star-www.dur.ac.uk\/~pdraper\/splat\/splat.html)<\/p>\n<p>Short bio of the lecturer:<br><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Mirjana Povic is a Serbian-Spanish astrophysicist, working as an assistant professor at the Space Science and Geospatial Institute in Ethiopia, an associate researcher at the Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Andaluc\u00eda in Spain, and as an honorary lecturer at Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda. She obtained her PhD in astrophysics in 2010 from the Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias (Spain). Her main research interests are galaxy formation and&nbsp; , in particular nuclear activity in galaxies, star formation, morphological classification of galaxies, and galaxy clusters. In addition, for almost 20 years, she worked on development in astronomy, science, and education in different parts of Africa, through different projects and initiatives related to research collaborations, education, institutional development, human capacity building, policy development, and women and girls in science. She is a current secretary of the IAU Division C on Education, Outreach and Heritage, African Astronomical Society Science and Executive Committees member, co-convener of the Astrophysics and Cosmology Working Group under the African Strategy for Fundamental and Applied Physics, and founder of the African Network of Women in Astronomy. She received several awards and recognitions for her scientific achievements and contribution to society, in particular for her work in Africa, including the 2018 inaugural Nature Research Award for Inspiring Science, and the 2021 inaugural European Astronomical Society Jocelyn Bell Burnell Inspiration Medal. She believes that through education, science, and technology we can combat poverty in the long term and make our world to be a better place for everyone in the future, regardless of where the children are born.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a03b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"4a03b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Radio\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12db5d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12db5d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Radio Astronomy (James Chibueze, 5 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; font-weight: bold;\">Description:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans;\">An introduction to the fundamentals of radio astronomy and radio interferometry. The emission processes, their detection techniques as well as hands-on \u2018lecture\u2019 on radio astronomical data handling will be covered.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\"><b>Lecture 1: Radio waves and emission and their properties<br \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: OpenSymbol; font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Continuum emission<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Spectral line emission<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; outline: none !important;\">Properties of radio signal<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\"><b>Lecture 2: Radio telescopes<br \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: OpenSymbol; font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Antenna beams<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Feed Systems<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Antenna efficiency<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; outline: none !important;\">Operation principle of radio telescopes<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\"><b>Lecture 3: Single-dish radio telescope<br \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: OpenSymbol; font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Sample science cases and techniques<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; outline: none !important;\">Pointing, bandpass, point source sensitivity\u00a0<br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; outline: none !important;\">Sample data processing<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\"><b>Lecture 4: Fundamental of radio interferometry<br \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: OpenSymbol; font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; outline: none !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: DejaVuSans;\">Aperture synthesis<br \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: OpenSymbol; outline: none !important;\">\u2022\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; outline: none !important;\">Very long baseline interferometry<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; font-weight: bold;\">Lecture 5: Radio interferometric data processing<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; font-weight: bold;\">Software:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans;\">UNIX OS pcs (laptops) with a minimum RAM of 16GB and at least 250GB storage. I will installed the required softwares on arrival.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans; font-weight: bold;\">Bibliography<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #1d2228; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline-style: none !important; outline-width: initial !important;\"><span style=\"outline: none !important; font-size: 12pt; font-family: DejaVuSans;\">* Burke, Graham-Smith, Wilkinson, An Introduction to Radio Astronomy (4th ed) * Thompson, Moran, Swenson Jr, Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy (3rd ed)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-893cbfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"893cbfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Stellar\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f22c3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f22c3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Stellar Astrophysics (Alessandro Bressan, 5 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Lecture 1) Stars and stellar populations.<\/strong><\/p><p>Magnitudes; Colors; Distances; Proper Motions;<\/p><p>Spectral classification; The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; Star clusters;<\/p><p>Stellar ages and element abundances: archaeology of the Milky Way.<\/p><p><strong>Lecture 2) The equations of stellar structure.<\/strong><\/p><p>Mass and momentum conservation. The Virial theorem.<\/p><p>Energy transport and energy conservation.<\/p><p>Numerical Methods: solution of the system of stellar structure equations.<\/p><p><strong>Lecture 3) From the Pre Main Sequence to the Main Sequence.<\/strong><\/p><p>Cloud collapse, fragmentation and proto-star contraction.<\/p><p>Opacity of stellar matter.<\/p><p>Low temperature nuclear reactions.<\/p><p>Proton-Proton cycle and CNO cycle;<\/p><p>Mixing of elements.<\/p><p>Evolution in the HRD<\/p><p><strong>Lecture 4) Post Main Sequence evolution of Low and Intermediate mass stars.<\/strong><\/p><p>Equation of state with electron degeneracy.<\/p><p>The Red Giant Branch. The Helium Flash. The Horizontal Branch.<\/p><p>Cepheids.<\/p><p>The Asymptotic Giant Branch.<\/p><p>White Dwarfs.<\/p><p><strong>Lecture 5) Massive stars.<\/strong><\/p><p>The HRD of massive stars.<\/p><p>Stellar winds and stellar evolution with mass-loss.<\/p><p>Stellar Rotation.<\/p><p>Wolf-Rayet stars.<\/p><p>Advanced evolutionary phases, neutrino losses and pre-supernova nucleosynthesis.<\/p><p>Supernovae: electron-capture and core collapse SN; pair-instability SN; compact remnants.<\/p><p>(Type Ia Supernovae)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6e31ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c6e31ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Solar\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dff46b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dff46b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Solar Astrophysics (Tiago Pereira, 6 lectures)<\/strong><\/p><p>Lecture 1: The solar interior and structure<br \/>* The Sun in context: our closest star<br \/>* Generation and transport of energy<br \/>* Layers of the Sun<br \/>* Rotation and oscillations<\/p><p>Lecture 2: Convection and magnetism<br \/>* Convection<br \/>* Solar cycle<br \/>* Solar dynamo<\/p><p>Lecture 3: The Solar Atmosphere<br \/>* The photosphere: models and observations<br \/>* Radiative transfer, spectroscopy, and polarimetry<br \/>* The chemical composition of the Sun<\/p><p>Lecture 4: Hands-on session: solar observations and models<br \/>* Computer exercises: formation of spectral lines<br \/>* Downloading and exploring solar data: VSO, JHelioviewer<br \/>* Computer exercises: analysing solar images<\/p><p>Lecture 5: The Upper Solar Atmosphere<br \/>* The chromosphere and transition region<br \/>* The million-degree corona<br \/>* Solar wind<\/p><p>Lecture 6: The Active Sun<br \/>* Violent and explosive events<br \/>* Magnetic reconnection<br \/>* Flares and coronal mass ejections<br \/>* Space weather and consequences for Earth<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c48e6d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c48e6d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"HEA\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be6226a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be6226a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>High Energy Astrophysics (Marat Gilfanov, 03 lecture)<\/strong><\/p><p>Lecture 1: Emission and absorption processes in high energy astrophysics.<br \/>Radiation and its interaction with matter. Radiative transfer equation. Absorption and emission processes, role of scatterings. Thermal equilibrium, Kirchhoff\u2019s law, Planck spectrum. Bremmstrahlung and synchrotron emission. Comptonization and Kompaneetz equation. Ionization balance. Thermal emission of plasma. Photoionization.\u00a0<\/p><p>Lecture 2: Compact objects and accretion.<br \/>Compacts objects: white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes; relevant aspects of the theory of stellar evolution.<br \/>Accretion: Bondi accretion and accretion with large angular momentum, Roche lobe geometry, disk accretion, wind accretion, boundary layer between the accretion disk and the neutron star.<\/p><p>Lecture 3: X-ray sources and phenomena.<br \/>X-ray objects and phenomena: X-ray binaries, X-ray bursters, X-ray pulsars, X-ray novae and other transients, ultra-luminous X-ray sources.\u00a0<br \/>Spectral formation in X-ray binaries: geometry of the accretion flow, spectral components, spectral states and transitions, (quasi-) periodic and aperiodic variability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Galaxies (Itziar Aretxaga, 5 lectures):\u00a0 An overview of galaxies in the nearby and distant universe, their constituents, scaling laws and evolution through cosmic time. \u00a0 Lecture 1: Introduction to the 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